Ein fester Goren (Dreschplatz) ist fünfzig Ellen von der Stadt entfernt. [Ein fester Goren ist einer, der einen großen Haufen hat, der mit einer Schaufel gewonnen wird. Und ein Goren, der keinen großen Haufen hat, bei dem die Spreu nicht mit einer Schaufel geschliffen werden muss, sondern durch den Wind, der durch den Haufen weht, zerstreut wird, wird als nicht fester Goren bezeichnet.] Man darf keinen festen Goren aufstellen in seinem eigenen (Feld), es sei denn, er hat fünfzig Ellen auf allen Seiten. Und er distanziert sich von den Pflanzen seines Nachbarn und von seinem Nir, damit er ihnen keinen Schaden zufügt. [Ein Nir ist das Pflügen der Sommertage, um die Wurzeln von Dornen und Unkraut zu töten. ("damit er nicht schadet" :) Dies ist der Grund (für die Distanzierung)—damit die Spreu seinen Pflanzen und seinem Nir nicht schadet. Denn es (die Spreu) formt und verdirbt das Nir und trocknet die Pflanzen aus.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
גורן קבע – a threshing floor that has a large pile that they winnow it with a winnowing shovel is called a permanent threshing floor. But if the pile is not large, and he doesn’t have to winnow the chaff with a winnowing shovel, but rather, the wind blows it into a pile, and the chaff is driven off on its own, is called a threshing floor that is not permanent.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction Mishnah eight deals with distancing a threshing floor from the city. A threshing floor was the place where farmers would bring their harvested wheat in order to separate the kernels of wheat from the chaff. A threshing floor would produce much waste, as the chaff is thrown to the wind. In order to prevent the chaff from polluting the city the mishnah discusses how far away the threshing floor must be kept.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
חמשים אמה – because the chaff that damages the members of the city when it is winnowed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
A permanent threshing floor may not be made within fifty cubits of the town. One may not make a permanent threshing floor within his own domain unless his ground extends fifty cubits in every direction. The Mishnah states that a threshing floor may not be placed less than fifty cubits from another person's property or from the town. The reason for this prohibition was explained in the introduction.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
ומנירו – [newly ploughed field] of his fellow. A ניר/newly broken or ploughed field. This is a ploughing done during summertime in order that the roots of the thorns and grasses will die.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
And he must distance it from his fellow's plants and ploughed land so that it will not cause damage. The Mishnah restricts a person from placing a threshing floor close to his neighbor's plants or ploughed land. Again, the chaff can be damaging to plants and can spoil ploughed land.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
כדי שלא יזיק – What is the reason that this is said? What is the reason that we distance this from the crops of his fellow and from his newly broken/ploughed field fifty cubits? In order that the chaff not damage his plants and his newly broken/ploughed field, which is made of manure and ruins the newly broken field and dries out the plants/trees.
